Glass: banned on most beaches
Most popular Texas beaches - Port Aransas, Galveston, South Padre - ban glass by local ordinance, because broken glass in sand is dangerous. Bring cans or reusable bottles.
Coast / Beach rules
Most everyday beach rules are set locally, so they vary from beach to beach. Here's the usual shape of it, with Port Aransas as an example - always confirm the rules for the specific beach.
Most popular Texas beaches - Port Aransas, Galveston, South Padre - ban glass by local ordinance, because broken glass in sand is dangerous. Bring cans or reusable bottles.
Often allowed small - Port Aransas permits beach fires no bigger than about 3 ft by 3 ft by 3 ft and requires you to put them fully out before you leave. Some beaches (like Galveston) ban open fires and allow only a contained grill. Check first.
Usually welcome on a leash - Port Aransas requires a leash at all times, and Galveston caps it at 6 feet. Clean up after them.
Allowed on many open beaches with limits. Port Aransas allows beach camping with a 3-night limit in any 3-week period, plus setbacks (no camping within 25 feet of the driving lane, 50 feet of the water, or 200 feet of a beach access road). The National Seashore and other beaches have their own rules.
Generally allowed on the open beach (no glass), but public-intoxication and DWI laws still apply - and driving on the beach is still driving. Some areas restrict alcohol around spring break.
Pack out your trash, use the bins, and fill in any holes you dig - an open hole is a hazard for people, vehicles, and nesting turtles.
Official sources
Beach rules are local ordinances set by each city or county (Port Aransas, Galveston, South Padre) and the NPS for the National Seashore. They change and differ by beach, so the specific beach's page is the final word.
Caution: Fire, glass, dog, camping, and alcohol rules vary by beach and change. Always confirm the current rules for the specific beach before you go.