Surface vs. Mineral Rights in Zapata County

In Texas, the mineral estate and the surface estate can be owned by different people. This is called a split estate. Zapata County has a long history of oil and gas production, so split estates are common. If you buy land here, check the deed carefully to see if the minerals were already sold off by a previous owner.

Under Texas law, the mineral estate is dominant. That means the mineral owner (or an oil company they leased to) can use the surface to drill wells, build roads, or run pipelines — without your permission and often without paying you. The Railroad Commission of Texas regulates oil and gas operations. If someone approaches you about leasing your minerals, it is worth consulting an attorney who knows Texas oil and gas law.