Ag Valuation
Agricultural Land Can Be Taxed on Productivity, Not Market Value
Landowners who use their Ector County property for farming or ranching can apply to have it taxed on what it produces, not what it would sell for.
Texas lets agricultural landowners pay taxes based on the land's productivity value — what it can earn from crops or livestock — rather than its full market price. This is called ag special appraisal or '1-d-1' appraisal. In West Texas, this often applies to ranching and livestock grazing.
To qualify, land generally must have been used primarily for agriculture for at least five of the past seven years. If you stop farming the land, you may owe a rollback tax for up to three prior years — the difference between what you paid at ag value and what would have been owed at market value. Apply through the Ector County Appraisal District. The Texas Comptroller's site has detailed guides on what qualifies.
Source to confirm: Texas Comptroller – Agricultural and Wildlife Management Special Appraisal