Mineral Rights
Mineral rights can be owned separately from the land in Henderson County
In Henderson County, a landowner may not own the oil, gas, coal, or lignite under their own property — mineral rights are often held by someone else.
Texas law treats land in two layers: the surface estate (the ground and structures) and the mineral estate (oil, gas, coal, lignite, and other minerals below). These can be owned by different people. Henderson County has a history of oil, gas, and lignite coal production, so many parcels have split estates.
When you buy land, your title search should show whether mineral rights are included or have been severed. If a third party owns the minerals, they may have the legal right to access the surface to develop them. The Texas Railroad Commission regulates oil, gas, and lignite mining. Check RRC records and hire a real estate attorney to review your deed before closing.
Source to confirm: Railroad Commission of Texas — Oil & Gas Exploration and Surface Ownership FAQ